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My cheat sheet for Rust on ESP. For Rust in general, see The Rust Programming Language and The Embedded Rust Book.
I’m very new to Rust. This is a list of things I had to spend more than five minutes to find solutions or I cannot remember yet, not a How-To.
Creating a project
cargo install cargo-generate
cargo generate esp-rs/esp-template
cd $MY_PROJECT
cargo build
cargo espflash flash --monitor
Generating Projects from Templates
Install cargo-generate.
cargo install cargo-generate
For no_std projects:
cargo generate esp-rs/esp-template
For std, or esp-idf-based projects:
cargo generate esp-rs/esp-idf-template cargo
See also: Generating Projects from Templates
“blink” example
See blinky.rs.
See ESP32 Embedded Rust at the HAL: GPIO Button Controlled Blinking for a more detailed example.
Building a project for a non-default target
cargo build --target=xtensa-esp32s2-espidf
Supporting multiple targets in a project
Some HAL crates, such as esp-hal, require a feature to be enabled. In Cargo.toml:
...
[features]
# define a feature of `esp-hal` by defining a project feature.
# my_feature = ["crate_name/feature"]
# when `esp32` feature is requested, enable `esp32` feature of `esp-hal`.
esp32 = ["esp-hal/esp32"]
# when `esp32s2` feature is requested, enable `esp32s2` feature of `esp-hal`.
esp32s2 = ["esp-hal/esp32s2"]
...
[dependencies]
# disable `default-features`. required features are defined by `features`
# above.
esp-hal = { version = "0.21.0", default-features = false }
Build the project for esp32s2.
cargo build --features esp32s2
See also: Features
Formatting files
cargo fmt -v
Check only:
cargo fmt --check -v
Or, directly invoke rustfmt.
rustfmt src/main.rs
Linting only:
rustfmt --check src/main.rs
See also:
Using a C library from a Rust application
See Rust FFI and bindgen: Integrating Embedded C Code in Rust.
See also:
Crates and Dependencies
Displaying a dependency tree
cargo tree
See also: cargo-tree(1)
Adding a dependency
cargo add esp_idf_hal
See also: cargo-add(1)
Specifying versions
[dependencies]
regex = ">= 1.2.0"
[dependencies]
regex = ">= 1.2.0, < 1.3.0"
[dependencies]
regex = "~1.2.3"
See also: Specifying Dependencies
Using a crate from a git repository
[dependencies]
regex = { git = "https://github.com/rust-lang/regex.git", tag = "1.10.3" }
See also: Specifying Dependencies
Reading documentation of a crate
Reading the documentation of esp-println in a browser.
cargo doc -p esp-println --target xtensa-esp32-espidf --open
Note that you might need to define CRATE_CC_NO_DEFAULTS (see Known Issues).
Building examples of a crate
Check out the crate:
git clone ${GIT_URL}
cd ${CRATE_DIR}
Build all examples for the default target.
cargo build --examples
Build an example for the default target.
cargo build --example=i2c_ssd1306
Build all the examples for a different target
cargo build --examples --target=xtensa-esp32-espidf
Crates for devices (device drivers)
See esp-rs/esp-hal-community (not so many as of this writing) and crates.io.
Known Issues
riscv32-esp-elf-gcc: error: unrecognized command-line option
Using activated esp-idf v5.2.2 environment at '/home/trombik/github/trombik/esp-idf'
CMake Error at /usr/local/share/cmake/Modules/CMakeTestCCompiler.cmake:67 (message):
The C compiler
"/usr/local/riscv32-esp-elf-idf53/bin/riscv32-esp-elf-gcc"
is not able to compile a simple test program.
It fails with the following output:
Change Dir: '/usr/home/trombik/github/trombik/rust-lesson/esp-idf-hal/target/riscv32imc-esp-espidf/debug/build/esp-idf-sys-38033159c7cd8eee/out/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeScratch/TryCompile-QQrZad'
Run Build Command(s): /usr/local/bin/ninja -v cmTC_e4aec
[1/2] /usr/local/riscv32-esp-elf-idf53/bin/riscv32-esp-elf-gcc -march=rv32imc_zicsr_zifencei -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections --target=riscv32imc_zicsr_zifencei-esp-espidf -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_e4aec.dir/testCCompiler.c.obj -c /usr/home/trombik/github/trombik/rust-lesson/esp-idf-hal/target/riscv32imc-esp-espidf/debug/build/esp-idf-sys-38033159c7cd8eee/out/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeScratch/TryCompile-QQrZad/testCCompiler.c
FAILED: CMakeFiles/cmTC_e4aec.dir/testCCompiler.c.obj
/usr/local/riscv32-esp-elf-idf53/bin/riscv32-esp-elf-gcc -march=rv32imc_zicsr_zifencei -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections --target=riscv32imc_zicsr_zifencei-esp-espidf -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_e4aec.dir/testCCompiler.c.obj -c /usr/home/trombik/github/trombik/rust-lesson/esp-idf-hal/target/riscv32imc-esp-espidf/debug/build/esp-idf-sys-38033159c7cd8eee/out/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeScratch/TryCompile-QQrZad/testCCompiler.c
riscv32-esp-elf-gcc: error: unrecognized command-line option '--target=riscv32imc_zicsr_zifencei-esp-espidf'
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
See esp-idf-sys build started fail on arm mac os #287.
A workaround: Use CRATE_CC_NO_DEFAULTS environment variable.
CRATE_CC_NO_DEFAULTS=1 cargo build